Commentaire sur Le Cantique des Cantiques 2:13
הַתְּאֵנָה֙ חָֽנְטָ֣ה פַגֶּ֔יהָ וְהַגְּפָנִ֥ים ׀ סְמָדַ֖ר נָ֣תְנוּ רֵ֑יחַ ק֥וּמִי לכי [לָ֛ךְ] רַעְיָתִ֥י יָפָתִ֖י וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃ (ס)
Le figuier embaume par ses jeunes pousses, les vignes en fleurs répandent leur parfum: debout, mon amie, ma toute belle et viens-t’en!"
Rashi on Song of Songs
The fig tree has produced its green figs. [To be understood] according to its apparent meaning.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
And the grapevines with tender grapes. When the blossom falls, and the grapes become separated from one another, and each grape is discernible by itself, it is called “סְמָדַר.” This entire section, according to its simple meaning, is an expression of a loving seduction, by which a young man appeals to his betrothed to follow him; so did my beloved do to me.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
My beloved spoke. Through Moshe.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
And said to me. Through Aharon.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
Rise up. Hurry yourself, “and let each man borrow from his neighbor.”22Shemos 11:2.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
For behold, the winter is past. These are the four hundred years of [exile]. I skipped them by counting them from Yitzchok’s birth.23See Rashi in Bereishis 15:13.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
The rain. Which is the hardship of winter, is over and gone, i.e., eighty-six years of harsh slavery were decreed upon you, and they have passed. From the time that Miryam was born, the Egyptians intensified the bondage upon Yisroel; and therefore, she was called Miryam [= מִרְיָם, because they made it bitter [=מַר for them.24See Shemos 1:14.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
The blossoms have appeared on the land. Behold Moshe and Aharon are available for you to fulfill all your needs.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
The time of singing has come. For you are destined to recite a song by the [Reed] Sea.25See Shemos 15:1-19.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
The fig tree has produced its green figs. The time to bring the first fruits has arrived, for you will enter the land [of Yisroel].
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Rashi on Song of Songs
And the voice of the turtledove. The voice of the great guide [=תַּיָּר.26Moshe Rabbeinu. Another explanation: “קוֹל הַתּוֹר” means the tiding [=קול that the time [=תּוֹר27See Esther 2:12, where Rashi explains that תור means time [= זמן]. has arrived for your exodus from Egypt.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
And the grapevines with tender grapes. The time of the wine libations has drawn near. Another explanation: The worthy among you ripened and produced good deeds before Me and emitted a pleasant fragrance.
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Rashi on Song of Songs
Arise [my beloved] go forth. A superfluous yud לָכְי is written, meaning, “rise up to receive the Ten28The numerical value of yud is ten. Commandments.”
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Rashi on Song of Songs
Another explanation—The fig tree has produced its green figs. These are the sinners of Yisroel, who perished during the three days of darkness.29See Rashi in Shemos 10:22. “פגים” are unripened figs, and refer to the wicked among the Bnei Yisroel who spurned redemption, i.e., those who perished during the three days of darkness. And the grapevines with tender grapes
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Rashi on Song of Songs
have emitted fragrance. These are the ones who remained of them;30Shemos 14:10. they repented and were accepted. So it is interpreted in Pesikta.
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